10 mechanisms that must be mastered in mechanical design — all equipment is inseparable from these mechanisms.

I. Linear Motion

1. Ball Screw Motion Mechanism
The ball screw mechanism is primarily used to achieve horizontal and vertical motion. It features high positioning accuracy and stable operation, and is widely applied in mechanical design. It can be used in lifting mechanisms or horizontal transfer mechanisms. Typically, it is used together with guide rails and driven by servo or stepper motors.

2. Rack‑and‑Pinion Motion Mechanism
The rack‑and‑pinion mechanism can realize both linear motion and rotary motion. It features heavy load capacity and the ability to achieve unlimited travel by splicing racks end‑to‑end. It is widely used in long‑span linear motion applications, such as in gantry robots (truss manipulators).

3. Cylinder Mechanism
There are many types of cylinders, including standard cylinders, pen cylinders, compact cylinders, rodless cylinders, and three‑axis cylinders, all of which produce linear motion. A characteristic of cylinders is that they cannot achieve multi‑point positioning; they are suitable only for applications requiring two‑point positioning.

4. Timing Belt Motion Mechanism
The timing belt mechanism features relatively low cost and moderate‑to‑low positioning accuracy. It is frequently used in applications where high precision is not required but positioning is still needed.

5. Chain Lifting Mechanism
Chain mechanisms are primarily used for heavy‑duty traction and lifting applications. They offer low precision but high load capacity and low cost.

II. Rotary Motion

6. Direct Motor Drive
The motor directly drives the rotary motion. When the load is large, the inertia is also significant, so it is recommended to add a gearbox to reduce speed and increase torque. The structure is simple, and a coupling is required.

7. Rotary Actuator (Oscillating Cylinder)
Rotary actuators are generally used in applications with relatively light loads. They tend to produce significant vibration during flipping, and the stability of the air supply is relatively low.

8. Cylinder with Connecting Rod Mechanism
This mechanism is mainly used to save cost. It is applied when the load is relatively small and precision is not critical.

9. Motor with Gears
When the load is relatively heavy, gears are used to reduce speed and increase torque. This is lower in cost than a gearbox, but it occupies more space. Gears can also be used for power transmission.

10. Cam Indexer Mechanism
The cam indexer is mainly used for intermittent rotary motion with precise stopping. It is widely applied in high‑precision turntables. It can be purchased directly as a standard off‑the‑shelf component.